金心扶芳藤组培快繁技术研究

为加快金心扶芳藤在园林绿化中的应用,以其带腋芽的茎段为材料,筛选其初代、增殖及生根培养基,建立组培快繁技术体系。结果表明:金心扶芳藤较适宜的初代诱导培养基为MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.05mg/L,芽的诱导率达96.0%;较适宜的增殖培养基为MS+BA 5.0 mg/L+IBA 0.08 mg/L+NAA 0.06 mg/L,芽的增殖系数达3.9;较适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 2.0 mg/L,苗木生根率达100%,平均根数7.8条,根长4.5 cm。     

试验干扰下土壤中微量元素空间变异性研究

[目的]为了解烟草试验站土壤中微量元素的空间变异性,进而为大田试验布局提供依据。[方法]用地统计学方法,分析彭水试验站的耕层土壤养分的空间变异特征。[结果]该站内土壤有效铁、有效铜、有效钙的含量丰富;有效锌和有效锰为中等含量水平,有效硫和有效镁含量从低至高均有分布。各中微量元素间具有显著的相关性。所有元素均可用指数模型和球状模型进行较好拟合;有效锌、有效镁和有效硫由于受结构性因素影响而呈现强空间自相关性;其余元素的空间自相关性由结构性因素和随机因素共同作用而呈现中等空间相关性。Kriging插值显示,东部及东北部较高,中部和西南部区域含量较低;有效铁、有效钙和有效硫的空间分布的规律性差。[结论]该试验站土壤中微量元素含量存在较大的空间变异性。在安排大田试验时,要充分认识这种变异性,合理布局大田试验。     

Simulating farming practices within a region using a stochastic bio-decisional model: Application to irrigated maize in south-western France

Agricultural is a major contributor to environmental resource management problems. Modelling the distribution of agricultural land use to evaluate current situations or scenarios is an important issue for policy-makers and natural resource managers. A promising approach is the use of bio-decisional models based on decision rules. However, at the regional scale, the large number of farmers makes it difficult to identify decision rules, and the diversity of farmers' decisions is rarely considered. To this end, we developed SIMITKO, a spatialised and stochastic bio-decisional model, able to simulate the spatial and temporal variability in farming practices. We focused on the choice of varietal earliness and sowing practices of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Baïse sector (south-western France). Model development was based on statistical analyses of surveys of farmers’ practices to identify their current strategies, the best variables to describe the practices and the probabilities associated with the values of the variables for each strategy. We tested SIMITKO by simulating the dynamics of areas sown with maize. Comparing model predictions of practices to observed data showed generally good predictions of sowing dynamics but less satisfactory predictions of varietal earliness choices. Possible improvements are suggested.     

不同激素对碧云茶树丛生芽增殖培养的影响实验

为了获得碧云茶树的组培技术,加快其优良品种繁殖速度,2010～2011年进行了不同浓度的细胞分裂素6-BA和生长素NAA对碧云茶树丛生芽增殖培养的影响。结果表明,以MS为基本培养基,当6-BA为2.0 mg/L,NAA为0.2 mg/L时,对碧云茶树芽的诱导和增殖最有利,增殖率可达2.84;其中NAA差异不显著,6-BA差异显著。     

Differential Cl−/Salt Tolerance and NaCl‐Induced Alternations of Tissue and Cellular Ion Fluxes in Glycine max,Glycine soja and their Hybrid Seedlings

The salt‐sensitive Glycine max N23674 cultivar, the salt‐born Glycine soja BB52 population, and their hybrid 4076 strain (F₅) selected for salt tolerance generation by generation were used as the experimental materials in this study. First, the effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, tissue damage, and time‐course ionic absorption and transportation were compared. When qualitatively compared with seed germination appearance in culture dishes, and tissue damages on roots or leaves of seedlings, or quantitatively compared with the relative salt injury rate, the inhibition on N23674 was all the most remarkable. After the exposure of 140 mm NaCl for 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 2 days and 4 days, the content of Cl^? gradually increased in the roots and leaves of seedlings of BB52, 4076 and 23674. Interestingly, the extents of the Cl^? rise in roots of the three experimental soybean materials were BB52 > 4076 > N23674, whereas those in leaves were just on the contrary. Secondly, by using the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique (SIET), fluxes of Na⁺ and Cl^? in roots and protoplasts isolated from roots and leaves were also investigated among the three experimental soybean materials. After 140 mm NaCl stress for 2, 4 and 6 days, and when compared with N23674, slighter net Cl^? influxes were observed in root tissue and protoplasts of roots and leaves of BB52 and 4076 seedlings, especially at the cellular protoplast level. The results indicate that with regard to the ionic effect of NaCl stress, Cl^? was the main determinant salt ion for salt tolerance in G. soja, G. max and their hybrid, and the difference in their Cl^?/salt tolerance is mainly attributed to the capacity of Cl^? restriction to the plant above‐ground parts such as leaves.     

马铃薯地上部绿色组织中糖苷生物碱合成调控的研究

为提高马铃薯品种(系)地上部分糖苷生物碱(SGAs)的含量,增强其抗逆性并改良块茎的品质。克隆了马铃薯茄啶鼠李糖基转移酶基因(sgt3)cDNA和1,5–二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶小亚基基因启动子(rbcS P);对sgt3亚细胞定位预测显示,该蛋白不具有叶绿体转运肽、线粒体导肽和分泌信号肽序列,推测可能位于细胞质;将克隆的sgt3 cDNA片段及rbcS重组到pCEPSP载体上,构建了具有草甘膦抗性标记的绿色组织特异表达sgt3基因植物表达载体。通过农杆菌介导法对马铃薯品种‘陇薯3号’和‘夏波蒂’进行转化,共获得了12株抗草甘膦的阳性转基因植株。对转基因植株的目的基因表达水平和SGAs含量分析发现,地上部sgt3基因相对表达量较未转化植株提高1.3~3.0倍,SGAs含量增加20%~37%,而转基因植株的块茎中SGAs含量变化不显著。本研究的结果为进一步培育枝、叶中高SGAs而块茎中低SGAs的马铃薯抗性品种提供了理论依据。     

老虎须组培实生苗快繁技术及其生根炼苗的移栽效果

为快速繁殖老虎须实生苗应用于实际,采用老虎须种子进行消毒,接种获得无菌实生苗,用叶片和叶柄诱导愈伤组织,进行增殖培养、生根培养和炼苗移栽。结果表明:2%次氯酸钠2 mL和0.1%氯化汞8mL组成的消毒液对老虎须种子消毒灭菌效果最好;温度对老虎须种子发芽率的影响不显著;最好的愈伤诱导培养基为MS+BA 0.2mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L;MS+BA 3.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L是最适宜的增殖培养基,MS+BA 0.5mg/L+IBA 0.5mg/L是最适宜的生根培养基。草炭∶珍珠岩为1∶1的基质移植练苗较好。     

鹿茸发育的组织来源及其相互作用机制研究进展

本综述介绍了鹿茸发育的组织来源及其相互作用机制的研究进展,阐明了鹿茸发育的组织细胞特性,进一步分析了鹿茸发育机制中待解决的问题。     

不同品种猪PBD-124基因多态性及差异表达研究

【目的】 克隆获得猪β-防御素-124（porcine beta-defensin-124,PBD-124）基因CDS区并探究其多态性,分析PBD-124基因在不同品种猪及同种猪不同组织内的表达情况。【方法】 采用RT-PCR方法扩增并克隆猪PBD-124基因CDS区,利用PCR-RFLP酶切法对大白猪、民猪和野杂猪PBD-124基因的Bln Ⅰ酶切位点进行多态性检测,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测该基因在不同品种猪肝脏、脾脏和血液内的表达差异。【结果】 试验成功克隆出猪PBD-124基因CDS区,长423 bp,共编码140个氨基酸,测序结果发现其存在c.257 G>A和c.263 T>G 2个突变位点,因2个突变位点间隔过近,可能存在连锁,仅对第1个突变位点进行酶切,大白猪中检测到GG、GA、AA 3种基因型,而民猪和野杂猪中仅检测到GA和AA 2种基因型,3个群体中AA基因型均为优势基因型,大白猪、民猪和野杂猪的AA基因型频率分别为0.5261、0.9412和0.6452,且3个群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）。3个群体的多态性均不高,大白猪处于中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）,民猪和野杂猪则处于低度多态（PIC<0.25）。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PBD-124基因在大白猪、民猪、野杂猪的脾脏、肝脏及血液中均有表达,且存在表达差异。【结论】 猪PBD-124基因CDS区长423 bp,共编码140个氨基酸,与参考序列比对发现2个突变位点,均未引起氨基酸突变;3个群体多态性均不高;PBD-124基因在不同品种猪及同种猪不同组织间表达均存在差异。     

The Effect of Training on Yili Horse 1 600 m Test Results and Heart Rate Variability

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different training stages on the performance and heart rate variability(HRV) of Yili horses and to provide data for reference in the conditioning training of 1 600 m distance Yili horses.【Method】 Eight 3-year-old Yili horses (stallions) were selected as test subjects.A 3-month speed specific performance training program was conducted, and a speed test race was organized in the last week of each month of training, and HRV was collected before, immediately after, 0.5 h after, and 1 h after 1 600 m test race.Among them, the time-domain indexes included the mean of all R-R intervals (Mean RR), the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the mean heart rate (Mean HR), the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), the number of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms (NN50), and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms to the total number of heartbeats (pNN50).Frequency domain metrics included very low frequency (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and nonlinear metrics:standard deviation (Y) of all R-R-spacing (SD1), standard deviation (X) of all R-R-spacing (SD2).Consequently, the variability of HRV indexes in horses at different training stages was analyzed.【Result】 The race time in the post training period in 1 600 m speed test race of Yili horses was significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05), and Mean RR, NN50 and pNN50 in the middle and post training periods were significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05).Mean HR in the beginning of training was significantly lower than that in post training (P<0.05).VLF and LF in the end of training were significantly lower than that in the beginning of training (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the HRV indexes of 1 600 m test race of Yili horses in different conditioning training stages were analyzed.The outcomes demonstrated that the types of neural activity in Yili horses at the beginning, middle and end of training presented some differences, showing changes of increased sympathetic excitability and decreased parasympathetic excitability, and the horses' athletic performance improved.Therefore, HRV could be considered as an effective tool to evaluate the training load and intensity of Yili horses during training.